Diseño de Sistema Comunicacional para la revalorización del cuy Andino

The present project shows us in a global way the nutritional and cultural meaning, symbologies, emergence, history, among other aspects which belong to the Andean cuy. Taking into account that in other regions or countries the guinea pig has been classified as an unhealthy food or from a domestic perspective, it has been planned to fight with these thoughts somewhat removed from the nutritional reality of the guinea pig...El presente proyecto nos muestra de una manera global el significado nutricional y cultural, simbologías, surgimiento, historia, entre otros aspectos los cuales son pertenecientes al cuy andino. Tomando en cuenta que en otras regiones o países se ha catalogado al cuy como un alimento poco salubre o desde una perspectiva doméstica, se ha planeado combatir con estos pensamientos un tanto alejados a la realidad nutricional del cuy..

Systematic literature review on the association between soundscape and ecological/human wellbeing

Background. Wellbeing issues are increasingly incorporated within conservation biology and environmental sciences, both in academic research and in applied policies such as the global sustainable development plans. The role of landscape on human wellbeing has been widely reported, but a comprehensive understanding of the role of soundscape has yet to be explicated. Research on the influences of sound on wellbeing has been conducted across a range of disciplines, but integration of findings is impeded by linguistic and cultural differences across disciplinary boundaries. This study presents the largest systematic literature review (2499 publications) of research to date, addressing the association between soundscape and human/ecological wellbeing. Method. It is divided in two components: 1. rapid visualisation of publication metrics using the software VOS Viewer, and 2. analysis of the categories of wellbeing associated with soundscape using the natural language processing platform, Method52. The first component presents network diagrams created from keyword searches and cited references (lexical, temporal, spatial and source networks) that explain the origin and evolution of the field, the influences between disciplines and the main contributors to the field. Research on the topic, occurring mostly between 2004 and 2016, evolved from a medical/physiological focus, into technological and psychological/social considerations, and finally into ecological/social research. Results. The evolution of the field was associated with the diversification of terminology and the evolution of new branches of research. Moreover, research appears to have evolved from the study of particular associations between sound and health, to an integrative multidimensional field addressing soundscape and wellbeing, across human and non-human species, including ecologically based studies. The second component includes a trained classifier that categorizes publications, based on keywords analysis, into three frameworks for understanding the association between soundscape and wellbeing: ‘Human health’, ‘Social and Cultural wellness’ and ‘Ecological integrity’. Conclusion. This novel methodology is shown to be an effective tool for analysing large collections of data in short periods of time. In order to address the gaps found during the study, it is recommended to increase research conducted in and by non-western societies and in non-English languages, and the exploration of ecological and sociocultural aspects of wellbeing associated with soundscape

Plan estratégico de marketing para la introducción al mercado Guayaquileño de las maquinas expendedoras (vending machines) de café

Desde 1880 las máquinas expendedoras o vending machines se han convertido más que en una herramienta de trabajo, en un vendedor autosuficiente, disponible las 24 horas del día, en las que el cliente puede realizar la compra acorde a sus gustos y preferencias. En la actualidad las vending machines constituyen una actividad de alto crecimiento y rentabilidad en América Latina. Al desarrollar este proyecto micro empresarial no hemos podido dejar de lado la influencia negativa en la sociedad que provoca la automatización de los procesos de una empresa, dentro de los cuales podemos clasificar las vending machines. La automatización de procesos en el mundo entero ha sido la causa del incremento de desempleo, pero al mismo tiempo ha permitido disminuir costos e incrementar la producción sobretodo en países industrializado

Análisis de los lodos provenientes del proceso de tratamiento de aguas residuales del municipio de Guatavita

Trabajo de Investigación TecnológicaEn este proyecto se realiza un estudio sobre la disposición y el aprovechamiento de los biosolidos resultantes del tratamiento de aguas residuales de la PTAR del municipio de Guatavita, teniendo en cuenta sus propiedades químicas y físicas. Analizando los resultados de laboratorios de calidad de agua y de los lodos residuales y su afectación a la calidad del suelo para cultivos.1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. ANTECEDENTES 3. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 4. OBJETIVOS 5. JUSTIFICACIÓN 6. DELIMITACIONES 7. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 8. ESTADO DEL ARTE 9. METODOLOGÍA 10. RECONOCIMIENTO DE INSTALACIONES Y FUNCIONAMIENTO 11. EFICIENCIA DE LA PTAR 12. CALCULO DE VOLUMEN DE LODOS EN LA PLANTA DE GUATAVITA 13. VOLUMEN DE LODOS SEGÚN MANUAL DE DISEÑO Y NORMATIVA VIGENTE 14. VOLUMEN DE LODOS SEGÚN LABORATORIOS DE CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE LA PTAR 15. ALTERNATIVA DE USO DE LOS LODOS 16. CONCLUSIONES 17. RECOMENDACIONES 18. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi

The use of acoustic analyses to evaluate ecological and social impacts of habitat degradation in contemporary conservation biology

Overexploitation of the earth’s resources is causing concern for ecosystem health globally and demands clear strategies for biodiversity conservation. The development of non-invasive and cost-effective tools for ecosystem assessment is an urgent global imperative. In this context, the nascent discipline of ecoacoustics provides a new framework to assess the effects of habitat degradation on human and non-human populations. Sound is considered as a core component and indicator of ecological processes and therefore can be investigated to infer ecological information about populations, communities and landscapes. A subfield of this discipline, soundscape ecology, provides fresh perspectives on understanding coupled natural-human dynamics. Despite the contributions of ecoacoustic methods in biodiversity assessment, landscape ecology and conservation biology some factors are constraining their full potential. This is principally due to challenges in interpreting the acoustic community through current acoustic metrics. Moreover, research gaps in understanding coupled natural-human dynamics through soundscape analysis have been identified, which could make significant further contributions to conservation biology in the near future. This thesis contributes to ecoacoustics from the perspective of conservation biology. The relevance and potential use of acoustic methods for assessing biodiversity and exploring social dimensions within conservation biology are presented throughout. Chapters include both Ecological and Social research components. A systematic review of publications on soundscape and its association with ecological and human wellbeing contextualizes the following empirical work, in chapter 1. Chapter 2 provides an evaluation into how effectively current acoustic metrics (ACI, BI, AE and H) reflect the status of wildlife populations along a gradient of forest disturbance. A novel approach to rapidly assess habitat status using automatic detection of indicator species (IS) is presented in chapter 3. Empirical studies are complemented by an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of acoustic sensors for assessing biodiversity, in chapter 4. Finally, social factors are addressed in chapter 5, which presents a novel approach for evaluating the human and environment relationship through soundscape perception analysis. The acoustic analyses explored show potential in analysis of ecological and social research dimensions in conservation biology. The systematic review shows that soundscape, and its association with wellbeing, evolved from an interest in sounds, and their influence on health, into a multidimensional and integrative concept incorporating multiple domains of wellbeing (Health, Social and Cultural Wellness and Ecological Integrity). Within the Ecological component in chapter 2, although significant differences in acoustic biodiversity metrics along sites were found, relevant qualitative biodiversity values that describe the status of wildlife populations were not reflected through the acoustic indices. To tackle this issue, I observed that the tool for automatic detection of IS was effective for rapid evaluation of habitat status; however, it should only be used for obtaining data of presence/absence of species. The combination of community level (acoustic indices) and individual level (automatic detection of indicator species) acoustic analysis showed a great potential as a tool for rapid evaluation of habitats. Moreover, I found that use of acoustic sensors was effective for registering high number of birds and indicator species; however, it is best applied in conducting multiple surveys or long term monitoring due to expensive equipment costs. Within the Social component I observed that soundscape perception analysis generated insights into human-environment relationships and highlighted the implications of habitat degradation on humans. Sounds of social relevance were also identified, which could be used for determining priority areas for conservation. Great potential for investigating social implications of habitat degradation through acoustic methods was revealed. The acoustic approaches investigated proved to be useful tools in understanding the dynamics of ecosystems, by exploring both ecological and social dimensions, and contribute to knowledge in conservation biology. Further research on the application of acoustic methods in conservation biology is recommended

La responsabilidad civil por daño moral en la Legislación Civil Ecuatoriana

El presente trabajo está enmarcado en realizar un análisis sobre la Responsabilidad Civil por Daño Moral, para así responder ciertas interrogantes planteadas como: ¿Qué se pretende jurídicamente con la indemnización pecuniaria?, ¿Puede el dinero borrar el dolor o sufrimiento causado?, ¿Cómo se avalúa el daño moral?, entre otras. Para ello se realizará un estudio del antecedente histórico del daño moral,su concepto, su normativa dentro de la Legislación Ecuatoriana, así como la naturaleza de la obligación de reparar el daño moral ocasionado, la finalidad y la extinción de la acción civil por daño moral y también cuál es el régimen procesal y fuero competente para interponer la misma. Para finalizar investigaremos cuáles son los hechos que pueden originar el daño moral, los medios para probar su existencia, y la forma de determinar el monto de la indemnización por el daño moral causado.This work is framed in an analysis on Civil Liability for moral damages, to answer certain questions raised as well as: What is to be legally with pecuniary compensation money?, can erase the pain or suffering caused ?, How moral damages are valued ?, among others. To do a study of the historical background of the moral damage, its concept, its rules within the Ecuadorian law, and the nature of the obligation to repair the moral damage, the purpose and the extinction of the civil action will be taken for moral damages and also what the procedural rules and jurisdiction for filing the same. Finally we investigate the facts which may cause moral damage, the means to prove their existence, and how to determine the amount of compensation for moral damage is.Abogada de los Tribunales de Justicia de la República y Licenciada en Ciencias Políticas y SocialesCuenc

Medición del nivel de ansiedad en personas con desórdenes vestibulares mediante escalas de autopercepción versus respuesta autonómica

Antecedentes: El sistema vestibular tiene varias conexiones con otros sistemas del organismo, como sucede con el encargado de la regulación de las emociones: el sistema límbico. El vínculo entre estos dos sistemas se ha descrito desde el siglo pasado y de acuerdo con la literatura, las personas con Desórdenes Vestibulares (DV) experimentan niveles de ansiedad mucho más altos que la población general. La medición de dichos niveles se ha realizado en su mayoría mediante escalas de autopercepción y no mediante registros autonómicos que permitan estimar la ansiedad fisiológica. Por esta razón, no hay evidencia de correlaciones entre las variables subjetivas y objetivas en el análisis de la ansiedad. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre las escalas de autopercepción del nivel de ansiedad y la respuesta autonómica en personas con DV en estado de reposo y durante la estimulación de realidad virtual, en comparación con sujetos sin alteración vestibular. Método: Este estudio observacional analítico incluyó 26 personas con DV con su respectivo grupo control emparejado por sexo y edad. Los estímulos empleados para el registro autonómico y de las escalas de ansiedad fueron dos videos 360° de realidad virtual. Resultados: Las personas con DV mostraron una activación simpática significativamente mayor tanto en reposo como durante la exposición a realidad virtual en comparación con el grupo control. El coeficiente de Spearman evidenció en el grupo de estudio, una correlación negativa entre los indicadores de actividad simpática y las escalas de autopercepción, así como una correlación positiva entre las variables de actividad parasimpática y el inventario de ansiedad. En el grupo control no se encontraron correlaciones significativas. Conclusión: La opuesta correlación entre las variables analizadas sugiere que la respuesta autonómica no fue consistente con la interpretación subjetiva de ansiedad en la población con DV, aun cuando son evidentes los altos marcadores de ansiedad fisiológica determinados a través de la activación simpática.Abstract: Background: The vestibular system has several connections with other systems of the organism, as happens with the one in charge of regulating emotions: the limbic system. The link between these two systems has been described since the last century and according to the literature, people with Vestibular Disorders (VD) experience levels of anxiety higher than the general population. The measuring of these levels has been done mostly through scales of self-perception and not through autonomic registers that allow to estimate physiological anxiety. For this reason, there is no evidence of correlations between subjective and objective variables in the analysis of anxiety. Objective: To determinate the correlation between the scales of self-perception of the anxiety level and the autonomic response in people with VD at rest and during stimulation with virtual reality compared to people without vestibular disfunction. Method: This observational analytic study included 26 people with vestibular disorder with their respective control group matched by age and sex. Two 360° virtual reality videos were used as a stimulus for autonomic and anxiety scales register. Results: People with VD showed a significantly greater sympathetic activation both at rest and during exhibition to virtual reality compared to control group. The Spearman coefficient evidenced in the study group, a negative correlation between indicators of sympathetic activity and scales of self-perception as well as a positive correlation between variables of parasympathetic activity and inventory anxiety. In the group control no significant correlations was found. Conclusion: The opposite correlation between variables analyzed suggest that response autonomic is not consistent with the subjective interpretation of anxiety in population with VD even when the high indicators of physiological anxiety determinate through sympathetic activation are evident.Maestrí

Factores de riesgos psicosociales en los trabajadores de una empresa privada del distrito de Chorrillos- Lima- 2017

La Investigación es descriptiva de diseño no experimental y explicativo, se busca determinar los factores de riesgo psicosociales en los trabajadores de una empresa privada del distrito de Chorrillos, aplicándose el cuestionario del contenido del Trabajo (JCQ) para recopilar la información su estudio fue realizado por la licenciada Sonia Vega Martínez del INSHT (2001), tomando el modelo de Robert Karasek Demanda, Control y Apoyo Social que analizará y describirá los problemas de salud y psicológicos en los trabajadores. La muestra está comprendida por 67 personas de ambos sexos, 43 hombres y 24 mujeres, de entre 19 y 60 años, que desarrollan actividades administrativas y de atención al clienteThe research is descriptive of non-experimental and explanatory design, it is sought to determine the risk factors in the workers of a private company of the district of Chorrillos, applying the questionnaire of the content of the Work (JCQ) to compile the information its study was carried out by the Lic. Sonia Vega Martínez of INSHT (2001), taking the model of Robert Karasek Demand, Control and Social Support that will analyze and describe the health and psychological problems in the workers. The sample is comprised of 67 people of both sexes, 43 men and 24 women, between 19 and 60 years old, who develop administrative and customer service activitie

Sounding out ecoacoustic metrics: avian species richness is predicted by acoustic indices in temperate but not tropical habitats

Affordable, autonomous recording devices facilitate large scale acoustic monitoring and Rapid Acoustic Survey is emerging as a cost-effective approach to ecological monitoring; the success of the approach rests on the de- velopment of computational methods by which biodiversity metrics can be automatically derived from remotely collected audio data. Dozens of indices have been proposed to date, but systematic validation against classical, in situ diversity measures are lacking. This study conducted the most comprehensive comparative evaluation to date of the relationship between avian species diversity and a suite of acoustic indices. Acoustic surveys were carried out across habitat gradients in temperate and tropical biomes. Baseline avian species richness and subjective multi-taxa biophonic density estimates were established through aural counting by expert ornithol- ogists. 26 acoustic indices were calculated and compared to observed variations in species diversity. Five acoustic diversity indices (Bioacoustic Index, Acoustic Diversity Index, Acoustic Evenness Index, Acoustic Entropy, and the Normalised Difference Sound Index) were assessed as well as three simple acoustic descriptors (Root-mean-square, Spectral centroid and Zero-crossing rate). Highly significant correlations, of up to 65%, between acoustic indices and avian species richness were observed across temperate habitats, supporting the use of automated acoustic indices in biodiversity monitoring where a single vocal taxon dominates. Significant, weaker correlations were observed in neotropical habitats which host multiple non-avian vocalizing species. Multivariate classification analyses demonstrated that each habitat has a very distinct soundscape and that AIs track observed differences in habitat-dependent community composition. Multivariate analyses of the relative predictive power of AIs show that compound indices are more powerful predictors of avian species richness than any single index and simple descriptors are significant contributors to avian diversity prediction in multi-taxa tropical environments. Our results support the use of community level acoustic indices as a proxy for species richness and point to the potential for tracking subtler habitat-dependent changes in community composition. Recommendations for the design of compound indices for multi-taxa community composition appraisal are put forward, with consideration for the requirements of next generation, low power remote monitoring networks

Formulación de estrategias de manejo ambiental para la erradicación del buchón de agua (Eichhornia Crassipes) presente en el humedal Gualí-tres esquinas (Funza, Cundinamarca).

Los humedales son ecosistemas primordiales para la vida humana, ya que tienen diferentes bienes y servicios ambientales que influyen directamente en la calidad de vida de quienes viven cerca de ellos. Los humedales tienen una memoria sobre dónde ha estado el agua en el pasado. Por eso hay que respetar la dinámica. En periodos de lluvias largos, vuelven a llenarse, y ayudan a frenar las crecientes de los ríos y cuando hay una temporada seca, sirven como reservorios de agua (Pinilla, 2014). El buchón de agua (Eichhornia crassipes), ha ocasionado impactos en los medios que habita, afectando la entrada de la luz, el hábitat de especies nativas, la navegación y con ello perjudicando la dinámica natural de estos ecosistemas (Bock 1969, Charudattan 1986, Williams et al. 2005, Franco Vidal et al. 2007, Katereggay Sterner, 2007).Universidad Libre - Facultad de Ingeniería - Departamento de Ingeniería Ambienta